Will We Ever Cure...
The answers will comfort the shiny and sneezy, but the smelly
are out of luck
by MICHAEL D. LEMONICK
BALDNESS?
Dermatologists have long known that inactive hair follicles
aren't dead; they're just catatonic. Drugs like Rogaine can rouse
some of them to boost hairiness by a few percentage points. But
true hair regrowth has so far eluded the experts.
An experiment at Cornell's Weill Medical College, though, may
hint at a real baldness cure. The key is a gene known as SHH. In
embryos SHH controls brain development, but in mature
animals--including humans--it governs natural on-off cycles of
hair growth. And sure enough, when scientists inserted SHH into
mouse hair follicles (using a common cold virus as their
splicing tool), the dozing follicles woke up and performed.
Can SHH wake human cells stuck in the "off" position?
Dermatologists won't know for sure until they try; they also
won't know about side effects (SHH in big doses can trigger skin
cancer, though the mice have shown no sign of it so far). But
the research suggests that the new hope genetics is bringing to
victims of cancer and other devastating diseases may also cover
the merely bald.
THE COMMON COLD?
The conventional wisdom says no, but by mid-century that
assessment--along with the sniffles--may well be ancient history.
Colds are considered incurable today because it would take months
to come up with a vaccine for every new strain. That's fine for
the flu, which breeds in animals and only jumps over to humans
every year or two. But colds mutate even while they're infecting
you, and new strains pop up so often that by the time drugmakers
create a vaccine against one variation, the serum is already out
of date.
The flu may yet point the way toward a cold cure though.
Scientists at the University of Ghent, in Belgium, have found a
protein called M2 that seems to be present in virtually every flu
strain known to man. Using that knowledge, they have made a
vaccine that they think could protect against all flus--old, new
and those not yet in existence.
If a similar protein is found in cold viruses--a protein that's
present no matter what strain is involved--then it is possible
that by 2025 or so, children could be getting a universal cold
vaccine. And then they will have to listen to us old geezers
reminisce about the days when we used to carry a small white
cloth called a handkerchief.
BAD BREATH?
Afraid not. Bad breath isn't an illness; it's merely a symptom of
something else. In some cases, the something else really is an
illness--diabetes, for example, or some kidney disorder or an
infection of the sinuses or bronchial tubes or gums. Infections
can usually be cured, and if you're suffering from an incurable
one or from another serious condition, bad breath is the least of
your problems.
Another cause is foods like onions or garlic, in which case
you're out of luck: essential oils from such foods get into the
blood, then into the lungs, then out with each exhaled breath.
Even in the 21st century, if you want the flavor, you risk
disfavor.
The most common reason for bad breath, though, is, to put it
delicately, food molecules rotting in the mouth. Mouthwash masks
the smell, but ultimately you have to get rid of the stuff.
Brushing and flossing remove larger particles, but dentists
suggest brushing the back of the tongue as well, where food
residues and bacteria congregate. The microscopic bits that
remain must be flushed down by drink or saliva (morning breath
occurs because salivation shuts down at night). But if you're
waiting for a true cure, it won't happen until we eat all our
food in pill form. In other words, don't hold your breath.
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