Will We Still Need to Have Sex?
Birds do it. Bees do it. But we may no longer have to do
it - except for the fun of it
by MATT RIDLEY
First, the good news: people will still be trying to get each
other into bed in 2025, though one can only hope the pickup
lines will be different by then. Now here's the revolutionary
(or should I say evolutionary) news: sex will seem a lot less
necessary than it does today. Having sex is too much fun for us
to stop, but religious convictions aside, it will be more for
recreation than procreation. Many human beings, especially those
who are rich, vain and ambitious, will be using test tubes - not
just to get around infertility and the lack of suitable
partners, but to clone themselves and tinker with their genes.
Lots of creatures already reproduce without sex: whiptail
lizards, aphids, dandelions, microscopic rotifers. And, of
course, human beings. Since the birth of Louise Brown, the first
test-tube baby, in 1978, hundreds of thousands of human beings
have been conceived in laboratory glassware rather than in bed.
If human cloning becomes possible--and since the birth of a sheep
called Dolly, few doubt that it will be feasible to clone a
person by 2025 - even the link between sex organs and reproduction
will be broken. You will then be able to take a cutting from your
body and grow a new person, as if you were a willow tree. And if
it becomes possible to screen or genetically engineer embryos to
"improve" them, then in-vitro fertilization and cloning may
become the rule rather than the exception among those who can
afford it.
In a sense, we have already divorced sex from reproduction. In
the 1960s, the contraceptive pill freed women to enjoy sex for
its own sake. At the same time, greater tolerance of
homosexuality signaled society's acceptance of nonreproductive
sex of another sort. These changes are only continuations of a
trend that started perhaps a million years ago. As Richard
Wrangham, professor of anthropology at Harvard, points out,
"Most mammals lose interest in sex outside a restricted mating
period. For a female chimpanzee, copulation is confined to the
times when she has a pink swelling on her rump. Outside those
lusty periods, she would never think of trying to seduce a male,
and he'd be horrified at the thought. But humans have taken a
much more persistent view of sexual possibilities, probably
since they first evolved as a species."
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